Scientific journal The Pedagogical Process: Theory and Practice

Lysenko O. POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Lysenko O., Deputy Director of the Institute of Postgraduate Education National Medical University of O.O. Bogomolets, candidate of pedagogical sciences

Abstract

This article highlights the historical aspect of the formation of medical education in the United States of America, including changes described in 1910 which was made to standardize medical training programs, initiation of compulsory set preconditions of the beginning of internship and residency training as an legal parts of the doctors graduate training; presented stages of medical education (12 years in high school, 3-4 years of training in college, 4 years of medical school to obtain qualification of Medical Doctor or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine, 3-7 years residency andfellowship trainingfor 1-5 years); the features of their postgraduate education, including standardized list of skills and manipulations during the passage of the mandatory annual internship, the possibility of acquiring further specialization and mastery of residency in a narrow specialty by fellowship. The article analyzes the trends inherent professional medical specialization, including the formation of six basic physicians’ competencies: patient care, medical knowledge, communication skills and teamwork, practical-oriented learning and improvement, professionalism and system based practice. The information about the number of residents in the variety of the specialties analyzed and the most numerous on them founded, such as primary health care and particularlythe internal medicine specialty, is the least numerous were the sports medicine and rehabilitation, and also neurology. The dynamics of changes in the number of doctors of various specialtiespresented. Preconditions for licensing of medical practices and regulatory features continuous professional training of doctors arenoted (not less than 50 hours per year).

Keywords:  postgraduatemedicaleducation;  stagesofmedicaleducation; UnitedStatesofAmerica.

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